types of arches in architecture

This type of arch is recognized as a Syrian arch. Basic Construction of Arches. Omissions? It is usually adorned by entablature with some inscriptions of significance. from IUPUI, with emphases in Digital Curation and Archives Management. [18] Arches may be synonymous with vaults, but a vault may be distinguished as a continuous arch[2] forming a roof. The Roman arch is a significant element of the architecture of Rome. The one-centered type of arches has simply one special center. Pointed Shape Arch2. Hence, the vertical supports, or posts, upon which an arch rests must be massive enough to buttress the thrust and conduct it into the foundation (as in Roman triumphal arches). Because the stress is directed both down and outwards, walls or other structures were often required to reinforce the arch. We're going to outline 33 different types of arches to ensure you can recognize them the next time you spot them. It is a type of an elliptical arch. Arches are self-supporting, balanced by the force of gravity conducting on their weight to carry them in compression. It is similar in appearance to a parabolic arch but it is not a parabolic arch. Venetian Arch possesses 2 centers. Its intrados is similar to a segmental arch in shape with a difference at the two ends that are curves. The stone arches are similarly sub-classified into two types which are as follows. Voussoirs are laid on it until the arch is complete and self-supporting. Types of Arches Based on Building Materials Typically, there are only four building materials used in arches throughout history, becoming stronger and more sophisticated as time progressed. Intrados of the arch is in the shape of semi-circle and rest of the arch is similar to Venetian arch. The arch curve is given by creating wedge-shaped joints with incredible thickness at extrados and less thickness at intrados. Roman architecture has had a profound effect on architectural trends throughout history, even today. II. There is another type of rampant arch that is round rampant arch. The techniques included indesigningandconstructingarches have since been acquired into several otherstructural forms, containingvaults,arcades, andbridges. The Flat arch is normally utilized for the construction of light-load structures. Construction of thearchesis needed where the span between the two supports issurplusand theload arrivingon the supports isheavy. However, this can result in additional stresses, and therefore the two-hinged arch is also statically indeterminate, although not as much as the fixed arch. Center of two arcs lie above the springing line of the arch. Some rock balance sculptures are in the form of an arch. A flat arch is built by jointly supporting wedge shaped masonry units known as voussoirs. Table of Contents. The downward load of an arch must be transmitted to its foundations. Stone Arches11. [9] In order to preserve arch action and prevent collapse of the arch, the thrust must be restrained, either by internal ties or external bracing, such as abutments. They were used throughout the Roman Empire to celebrate any triumphant moment, from the completion of a bridge to the founding of a new colony. The Romans were the first to extensively use the arch in architecture. [8] As the forces in the arch are transferred to its base, the arch pushes outward at its base, denominated "thrust". The bricks are completely dressed and these bricks are joined by lime putty. A catenary curve is a U-shaped arc that follows the form of a freely hanging cord or chain, supported only from two fixed ends. In a flat arch, intrados behaves as the base of an equilateral triangle that is made by skewbacks placed at an angle of 60 degrees. The Nippur Arch, The American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of the Fine Arts, vol. It is also known as a semi-elliptical arch.Four-centered ArchA four-centered arch is an arch formed by four arcs with their four centers. 1.1 A Brief History of Roman Architecture; . A horseshoe arch is also commonly known as a Moorish arch and sometimes as a keyhole arch due to its resemblance to a keyhole. Catenary arches have been built in the buttresses and vaults of Gothic and Renaissance architecture. Flat Arch4. Sometime, a perfectly circular arch known as a. In the segmental arch, the thrust is Transferred in an inclined direction to the abutment. The joints are fine, thin, and simply radial. A famous example is the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France. Ogee Arch An ogee arch is an arch formed by two arcs that are curving in the opposite directions forming the shape of S alphabet. Not dress finely so it does not give much attractive appearance. An Equilateral Arch possesses a two-center. Cinquefoil ArchPointed cinquefoil arch is an arch with the intrados outline created by five rings overlapping each other. The mortar is utilized for binding stones. The segmental arch was first built by the Romans who realized that an arch in a bridge did not have to be a semicircle,[31][32] such as in Alcontar Bridge or Ponte San Lorenzo. If the depth is greater, we can go for two rings in an alternate procedure of headers and stretchers. Arches Classified as per the number of centers are given below. Romans built an arch by using two columns. This is around the same time as the earliest contemporary examples in Roman Syria, suggesting either an Aksumite or Syrian origin for the type. It is a type of an elliptical arch. [20] Rare exceptions are an arched mudbrick home doorway dated to circa 2000BC from Tell Taya in Iraq[21] and two Bronze Age arched Canaanite city gates, one at Ashkelon (dated to c. 1850 BC),[22] and one at Tel Dan (dated to c. 1750 BC), both in modern-day Israel. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. The Colosseum, largely built using arches, was designed by the Flavian emperors to convince the people that their emperor cared about them. The Romans were very fond of using massive buildings to house certain events or facilities. Arches can also be configured to produce vaults and arcades. The Roman arch is one of the most iconic aspects of Roman architecture. Unlike many other architectural arches, the ogee arch is purely ornamental. The arch directs pressure downwards and outwards, creating a strong passage underneath . Create your account. The most famous examples of the arch in Roman architecture include: The most famous examples of Roman arches from outside of Rome include: The Roman arch has been used in many types of structures, including: The Roman arch is an important element of architecture handed down from ancient Rome. In the 12th-13th century, feats of engineering permitted increasingly gigantic buildings. Without bridges to connect their roads, the Roman army would not have been able to march across Europe, expanding the Empire. Read More: Culvert | What Is a Culvert | Types of Culvert | Culvert Meaning | Parts of Culvert. Two identical curves join together forming a pointed edge at the top of the arch opening. A series of rounded arches side by side is called an arcade. MLS # T3430584 These types of arches are established with the help of precast concrete blocks. The voussoir that is situated in the center of the arch is called the keystone. Triangular ArchA triangular arch is formed by two straight courses of masonry assembled at 45 degrees angle or similar, joining together at the top of the opening forming a triangular shape. This is called compressive stress, because the pressure of the weight is compressed by the shape of the arch. This Jeffrey Alexander pull is available in four standard pull lengths, 12" appliance handle and coordinating ringed mushroom knob. Shape classification: In architecture, the shape of an arch can be one classifying factor. The formation of the gauged brick arches needed experienced workmanship for its construction. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. This type of arch that established with the help of conventional bricks. When these four-centered arches are lower and depressed in form, they are called the Tudor arches. They used the arch to create dome roofs and vaulted ceilings for larger, stronger, and more spacious public buildings that could holds hundreds of people. The ends of this arch should be carried sufficiently into the abutments. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Blind Arch. Six basic arch styles | Building Construction A roman arch which is also known as a semi-circular arch. The center of the stilted arches on a straight line. This form of the arch spread to European nations throughout the Middle Ages and continued to change through the evolution of Gothic architecture. The arch curve is provided by forming wedge-shaped joints with greater thickness at extrados and smaller thickness at intrados. These orders include the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. In the segmental arch, the thrust is carried in an inclined direction to the abutment. The precast concrete blocks are available in the accurate shape and sizes which are needed for the construction of the arches. [10], Rounded, i. e. semicircular, arches were commonly used for ancient arches that were constructed of heavy masonry. Stilted Arch9. The first example of an early Gothic arch in Europe is in Sicily in the Greek fortifications of Gela. In the formation of the precast concrete blocks, the 1:2:4 ratio is utilized. 3, pp. Stilted Arch consists of a semi-circular arch with. They are, Rubble arches Rubble arches are very weak and used only for inferior work. The Gateway Arch in St. Louis, United States, is the tallest arch of the world. Ogee Arch: Types & Examples. Those are stone, brick, concrete, steel (and concrete alternatives can be swapped in). The Romans, by contrast, used the semicircular arch in bridges, aqueducts, and large-scale architecture. In this type of architecture, a trefoil is a term . He has worked in museums, libraries, archives, and historical sites for the past four years. The additional apical connection allows the three-hinged arch to move in two opposite directions and compensate for any expansion and contraction. This is known as a centre or centring. The downward pressure on the arch possesses the impact of forcing the voussoirs together instead of apart. - Mythology, Overview, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite's Mystical Theology, Mark Antony of Rome: Biography, Facts & Death, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Ponte dei Quattro Capi, translated as ~Bridge of the Four Heads.~. arch, in architecture and civil engineering, a curved member that is used to span an opening and to support loads from above. Above the tops of these two columns, they put wedges that made up a semi-circle with a keystone in the very middle at the top. [11], The fixed arch is most often used in reinforced concrete bridges and tunnels, which have short spans. It is also a one-centered arch. The emperor was not truly victorious until he had passed through the arch and formally returned to Rome. Aqueducts required a consistent, gradual slope so that the water could flow through them naturally. He also earned a Certificate in Museum Studies. The shape of the arch curve looks like a semi-circle. In this arch, the center of the arc falls under the springing line of the arch. 348 lessons. In ancient Persia, the Achaemenid Empire (550 BC330 BC) built small barrel vaults (essentially a series of arches built together to form a hall) known as iwan, which became massive, monumental structures during the later Parthian Empire (247 BCAD 224). Many cultures used this style to evoke the same confidence and power that the Roman Empire inspired. A good semi-elliptical shape arch contains five centres. The semicircular arch was followed in Europe by the pointed Gothic arch or ogive, whose centreline more closely follows the forces of compression and which is therefore stronger. The Doric and Ionic orders were said to have originated around the same time as one another. [57] Structures such as this can be found in Arches National Park. The High Gothic years (c. 12501300), heralded by Chartres Cathedral, were dominated by France, especially with the development of the Rayonnant style. Arches, Vaults, and Domes", "METALS AND METALLURGY IN THE HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION", "Teotihuacan ruins explored by a robot, AP report in the Christian Science Monitor, 12 November 2010", Paper about the three-hinged arch of the Galerie des Machines of 1889, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arch&oldid=1127713478, This page was last edited on 16 December 2022, at 07:21. Roman Basilica Concept, Architecture & History | What is a Basilica? American architect Eero Saarinen designed it in 1947 in the shape of a weighted catenary arch. Two sets of arcs make a point where they meet. Between triumphal arches, public buildings, bridges, and aqueducts, Roman arches were practically synonymous with Roman civilization. In the late Middle Ages the segmental arch was introduced. For this reason, it is not approved for exposed brickworks. This type of arch would eventually become an important element of Gothic architecture. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. This was extremely important in the development of Rome. Of all forms of arch, the parabolic arch produces the most thrust at the base yet can span the greatest distances. Unlike the other two kinds of arch, the three-hinged arch is therefore statically determinate. Throughout the Roman empire, their engineers erected arch structures such as bridges, aqueducts, and gates. These stones are joined together using cement mortar. Concrete Arches13. These are used up to spans of 1m. 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The curved surface creates 2 center points and the shape of the Lancet Arch is indicated in the figure. The intrados of this arch is more curved than a semicircle. It was the first type developed and its use was first exploited by the Romans. - Definition & Architecture, Alexander the Great: Biography, Conquests & Facts, Anaxagoras: Biography, Philosophy & Quotes, Clytemnestra of Greek Mythology: Character Analysis, Overview, Roman God Pluto of the Underworld: Facts & Overview, Who Was the God Prometheus? These stresses also tend to squeeze the blocks outward radially; loads divert these outward forces downward to exert a diagonal force, called thrust, that will cause the arch to collapse if it is not properly buttressed. In most cases they did not use mortar, relying simply on the precision of their stone dressing. The curve in an arch may be semicircular, segmental (consisting of less than one-half of a circle), or pointed (two intersecting arcs of a circle); noncircular curves can also be used successfully. Intrados of this arch is lesser than a semicircle. The Roman arch is the ancestor of modern architecture. The Roman arch is possibly the most easily identifiable of the types of arches. Updates? Colosseum - This building features both rows and layers of Roman arches, which are supported by foundations that run between the layers. In most cases they did not use mortar, relying simply on the precision of their stone dressing. The rib vault, flying buttress, and pointed (Gothic) arch were used as solutions to the problem of building a very tall structure while preserving as much natural light as possible. I feel like its a lifeline. Patuxai Arch or Arc de Triomphe of Vientiane or Victory Gate in Vientiane, Laos; Arch of Triumph in Pyongyang, North Korea and Arch of Constantine in Rome, Italy, are among other impressive arches of the world.Let's begin arch architecture!Flat ArchA flat arch is a straight spanning member where the intrados is straight that is the interior curve or inner line of an arch. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Sometimes it is also known as a miter arch due to its resemblance with a miter joint.Relieving ArchA relieving arch is an arch that is built above a flat arch to increase the strength of the arch. succeed. An arch compresses the stress from weight downwards and outwards, creating a stronger structure that can have wide open spaces. It is also known as a Mayan arch or Maya arch. See how the keystone works in a Roman arch and how the arch fits into the history and architecture of the Roman Empire. These types of spans are formulated of rubber stones that are hammered and dressed appropriately. There are various kind of arches that differentiate according to shape, no. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. These flat arches are generally used for light loads & for spans up to 1.5 m. 2) Segmental arch:- Segmental arch is the basic type . These types of arches contain three centers. So these were the typical types of ancient arches, though there can be more types or there can also be some shapes of arches customized on your basis of creativity and design. The semi-elliptical arch has a form of a semi-ellipse that has either 3 or 5 centers. Arches were known in ancient Egypt and Greece but were considered unsuitable for monumental architecture and seldom used. You may know about Rome's famous roads and aqueducts that crisscrossed from Britain to the Middle East. Both the arcs meet at apex to make it a pointed arch. which resulted in the architects being able to incorporate many different architectural styles. There are other types of ogee arches such as ogee three-centered arch and ogee four-centered arch. An arch is a vertical curved structure that spans an elevated space and may or may not support the weight above it,[1] or in case of a horizontal arch like an arch dam, the hydrostatic pressure against it. There can two types of trefoil arches, one with round top and another with pointed apex called round trefoil arch and pointed trefoil arch respectively. Updates? Width of the lancet arch is narrower than the height. 7. Constructed from cast-in-situ concrete, either plain or reinforced, depending upon the span and magnitude of loading. https://www.britannica.com/technology/arch-architecture. These three orders were adopted by the Romans in the 1st century BC. Semi-Elliptical Arch8. 8. All rights reserved. So, it looks unattractive. The Venetian arches come under the classification of four center arches which have a sum of four centers. The Romans, by contrast, used the semicircular arch in bridges, aqueducts, and large-scale architecture. These types of arches that arrive under the classification of types of arches are semicircular arches, Flat arches, horseshoe arches, segmental arches, etc. Evident in both entrances and interiors, Islamic arches are categorized into four main styles: pointed, ogee, horseshoe, and multifoil. Semi-Circular Arch6. In this arch, central point of the curve lies on the springing line of the arch. It is widely used in Islamic architecture. It is also known as an acute arch or an ogive arch. Semi-circular Arch Segmental Arch Semi elliptical arch Flat Arch Two centered Arch Equilateral arch Lancet arch Venetian arch Three centered arch ogee arch Drop arch The Flat arch creates an equilateral triangle within Intrados as a base at an angle of 60 degrees. Admit it, you take arches for granted. 10, no. Wedge-shaped blocks, named voussoirs, establish flank-to-flank with the upper perimeter being broader than the lower edge. It is constructed above a flat arch or on a wooden lintel to provide greater strength. Arches have been a major part of architecture and construction since antiquity and have developed through historical eras. Reed Hepler received an M.L.I.S. It is also known as the half-through arch bridge. An error occurred trying to load this video. If a series of wedge-shaped blocksi.e., ones in which the upper edge is wider than the lower edgeare set flank to flank in the manner shown in the figure, the result is an arch. Segmental in shape and provided over the openings . A through the arch is one where the upper deck is found at the spring line of the arch. The arches are classified as per the following factors, According To The Type Of Material Used For Construction, Types of Arch According To The Number Of Center. Types of Arches based on Workmanship and Construction Materials Based on material used for construction and workmanship, arches may be classified as: 1. For keystone and skewbacks special moulds are prepared. There are various types of arches including round arches, horseshoe arches, lintel arches, trefoil arches, and pointed arches. A blind arch is an arch found in the wall of a building which has been infilled with solid construction so it cannot serve as a passageway, door, or window.The term is most often associated with masonry wall construction, but is also found (or simulated) in other types of construction such as light frame construction. They also introduced the triumphal arch as a military monument. [14], Pointed arches were most often used in Gothic architecture. [11] It is most often used for spans of medial length, such as those of roofs of large buildings. A springing line, or spring, is the point from which the arch starts to increase from its vertical supports. This may be either isosceles or equilateral. [15] The advantage of a pointed arch, rather than a circular one, is that the arch action produces less horizontal thrust at the base. The pressure on each of the stones in Roman arches means they can support much more weight than a beam. It is also known as a discharging arch. This kind of arch is thus not subject to additional stress from thermal change. The arch allowed ancient builders to make larger, more complex buildings that could hold more space and people. Occasionally these are also utilized as relieving arches up to a depth of 37.5 cm, but these are established in one ring. For other uses, see. Romans also incorporated arches into their buildings. Horseshoe Arch A horseshoe arch is an arch that is in the form of a horseshoe. Each item is individually . In pointed-arch styles, where there is a central point at the top of the arch, it may be a four-centred arch or Tudor arch. Usually a pointed arch with a band wider at the peak than at the spring. Venetian Arch18. It is erected to span roadways. The horseshoe arch is based on the semicircular arch, but its lower ends are extended further round the circle until they start to converge. 1 An Introduction to Roman Architecture. The stone arches are subdivided into two types. The Romans were proud of the arch, and they had every reason to be. Stained-glass window panels rendered startling sun-dappled interior effects. Westend61 / Getty Images An umbrella term that refers to the building styles that originated in ancient Greece and Rome, classical architecture has influenced centuries of subsequent design movements throughout the world, including Neoclassical and Greek Revival architecture.Some of the most famous buildings in the modern world are based on ancient Greek and Roman designs. The Venetian arch is another form of the pointed arch. Stone Arches Based on workmanship, these are sub divided into two types. Read More: Refractory Bricks | Fire Bricks | Types of Refractory Bricks. As the rise, i. e. height, of the arch decreases the outward thrust increases. The bricks are manufactured, matching the exact shape and size of voussoirs, to get very fine workmanship. The Roman arch is the ancestor of modern architecture. [10], The many forms of arch are classified into three categories: circular, pointed, and parabolic. Semi-Elliptical Arch. Grew this Professional Architectural Firm from 1 to 7 employees, served as Architect-Of-Record for projects with construction values from $5,000 to over $400-million, both new and renovation, with . Medieval Europe made great use of the pointed arch, which constituted a basic element in Gothic architecture. [43][44], However, the ancient Romans had virtually all of these components beforehand; for example, Trajan's Bridge that was built between 103 AD and 105 AD, had open spandrels built in wood on stone pillars.[45]. A four-centred arch is a low, wide type of arch with a pointed apex. ft. home is a 4 bed, 3.0 bath property. For instance, round, flat and pointed arches are all types of arches classified by shape. Background: Studies based on molecular testing of oral/nasal swabs underestimate SARS-CoV-2 infection due to issues with test sensitivity, test timing and selection bias. Both the arcs join together to form a pointed edge. Rock formations may form natural arches through erosion, rather than being carved or constructed. The semicircular arch can be flattened to make an elliptical arch, as in the Ponte Santa Trinita. In ancient China, most architecture was wooden, including the few known arch bridges from literature and one artistic depiction in stone-carved relief. These are roughly shaped and sized. Understand the Roman arch in architecture. 3rd4th century. Once you've finished, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. So what's so special about an arch? A blind arch is an arch infilled with solid construction so it cannot function as a window, door, or passageway. The three main types of Moorish architectural arches are the horseshoe arch, the polylobed . Center of the arc lies on the horizontal line above the vertical components where the curve starts. The semi-circular arch in the center will lie on the spring line. While these cultures had the arch, they rarely used it except for underground tunnels and drainage systems, where the force of the earth around it provided natural buttressing, or reinforcement. However, it is worthwhile mentioning that corbel arches were found in other parts of ancient Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. [58], Depressed Tudor arch on Layer Marney Tower in Essex, England, Blind arches on the Church of San Tirso in Sahagn, Len, Spain, Washington Square Arch, a triumphal arch in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, New York City, Delicate Arch, a natural arch in Arches National Park near Moab, Utah, A rock balance sculpture in the form of an arch, Medial longitudinal arch of the human foot (Gray's Anatomy), Restored Canaanite city gate of Ashkelon, Ashkelon, Israel (2014), Reconstructed Ishtar Gate of Babylon in the Pergamon Museum, Berlin (2014), Taq Kasra (Archway of Ctesiphon), Salman Pak, Iraq (1864), Arch of Augustus, Rimini, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (2015), Arch of Constantine, Rome, commemorating a victory by Constantine I in 312 AD (2007), The Arc de Triomphe, Paris; a 19th-century triumphal arch modelled on the classical Roman design (1998), Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch in the Grand Army Plaza, Brooklyn, New York City (2007), Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri; a monument based on a catenary arch (2011), The Theme Building at Los Angeles International Airport, California, Pont Flavien over the River Touloubre in Saint-Chamas, Bouches-du-Rhne, France (2008), Old stone bridge in Kerava, Finland (2011), Bridge of Seonamsa Temple, Suncheon, South Jeolla Province, South Korea (1979), Grosvenor Bridge over the River Dee in Chester, Cheshire, England, UK (2007), Union Arch Bridge carrying the Washington Aqueduct and MacArthur Boulevard (formerly named Conduit Road) in Cabin John, Montgomery County, Maryland (2008), Anji Bridge over the Xiaohe River, Hebei Province, China (2007), The dry stone bridge, so called Porta Rosa (4th century BC), in Elea, Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy (2005), Pont du Gard, a Roman aqueduct in Vers-Pont-du-Gard, Gard, France (2014), Bridge in esk Krumlov, Czech Republic (2004), Rialto Bridge over the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy (2011), Pont de Bercy over the River Seine, Paris, carrying the Paris Mtro on its upper deck and a boulevard extension on its lower deck (2006), Arlington Memorial Bridge over the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. (2007), Francis Scott Key Bridge over the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. (2006), Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge carrying Interstate 95 (I-95) and the Capital Beltway over the Potomac River between Alexandria, Virginia and Oxon Hill, Maryland (2007), Arrbida Bridge over the Douro River connecting Porto, and Vila Nova de Gaia, in the Norte Region, Portugal (2011), Rainbow Bridge over the Niagara River connecting Niagara Falls, New York and Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada (2012), Tyne Bridge over the River Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK (2004), Hell Gate Bridge over the East River, New York City, Sydney Harbour Bridge, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (2010), Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine River, Remagen, Germany, showing damage before collapse during the Battle of Remagen in World War II (1945), Lianxiang bridge over the Xiang River, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China (2007), Zhivopisny Bridge over the Moskva River, Moscow, Russia (2009), Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge over the Trinity River in Dallas, Texas (2012), Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge crossing Parano Lake, Braslia, Brazil (2007), Gateshead Millennium Bridge over the River Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK (2005), Arch supporting the Eiffel Tower, Paris (2015), The second Wembley Stadium in London, built in 2007 (2007), The first San Mams Stadium, in Bilbao, arch built in 1953, demolished 2013 (2013), St Pancras railway station, London (2011), Train shed in St Pancras railway station, London (2010), Train shed in Victoria Station, London (2006), Lucerne railway station, Switzerland (2010), Central railway station, Frankfurt, Germany (2008), Train shed in Central railway station, Frankfurt, Germany (2005), Arches in Main Concourse, Grand Central Terminal, Manhattan, New York City (2014), Interior arches in Washington Union Station, Washington, D.C. (2006), Arches in Great Hall, Chicago Union Station, Chicago, Illinois (2010), Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, Germany (2011), Stonework arches seen in a ruined stonework building Burg Lippspringe, Germany (2005), Arches in the Casa-Museo del Libertador Simn Bolvar in Havana, Cuba (2006)[59], Arches in dining hall at Kings College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England (2007), Arches inside Annenberg Hall, Memorial Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (2016), Healy Hall, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. (2009), Arches in throne room of Neuschwanstein Castle, Bavaria, Germany (1886 photochrom print), Arches in the Court of the Lions, Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain (2012), External arches in the Court of the Myrtles, Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain (2009), Arches inside the North Gallery, Court of the Myrtles, Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain (2010), Arches in the nave of the church in monastery of Alcobaa, Portugal (2008), North facade of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (2008), Arches in choir of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (2013), Arches in nave of Westminster Abbey, City of Westminster, London (2006), Arches inside the Washington National Cathedral, Washington, D.C. (2005), Interior arches in St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City (2009), Arches inside the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey (1983), Arches inside the western upper gallery, Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey (2007), Interior arches in the Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (2008), Roof of Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (2008), Dome of the Rock, Old City of Jerusalem (2010), Arches inside the Dome of the Rock, Old City of Jerusalem (2014), Arches in the Shahi Mosque, Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan (2016), Taj Mahal in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India (2009), The Great Gate (Darwaza-i-rauza): Entrance to grounds of Taj Mahal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India (2004), Arches inside the Taj Majal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, Arches in Main Reading Room, Thomas Jefferson Building, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (2009), Arches in Great Hall, Thomas Jefferson Building, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (2007), Art Deco arches on Chrysler Building, Manhattan, New York City (2005), New York Public Library Main Branch, Manhattan, New York City (2016), Arches inside the entrance of New York Public Library Main Branch, Manhattan, New York City (2012), Arches in Great Hall, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Manhattan, New York City (2012), Arches in Sculpture Gallery, West Building, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (2007), Arches inside the Legion of Honor, Lincoln Park, San Francisco, California (2010), Arches near the Jordan Staircase, Winter Palace, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia (2015), Arches in Pavilion Hall, Small Hermitage, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia (2015), Arches in Salle du Mange, Louvre Palace, Paris (2007), Arches in Galerie des Batailles, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, Yvelines, France (2013), Arches in Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, Yvelines, France (2011), Arches in Westminster Hall, Palace of Westminster, City of Westminster, London (2011), Arches in St. Stevens Hall, Palace of Westminster, City of Westminster, London (2007), Horseshoe arch inside the Aljafera Palace, Zaragoza, Spain (2004), Multifoil arches inside the Aljafera Palace, Zaragoza, Spain (2004), Catenary arches inside the Casa Mil in Barcelona, Spain by Antoni Gaud (2010}, Rajasthani style arches inside the 16th-century City Palace, Udaipur, India (2013), Main faade of the Itamaraty Palace in Braslia, Brazil, decorated with many arches (2005), Arches inside the National Building Museum (formerly Pension Building), Washington, D.C. (2007), Front entrance of the Old Post Office Building in Washington, D.C. (2006), Arches inside the Old Post Office Building in Washington, D.C. (2009), Bankstown Reservoir, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (2018), Crypt of the Popes in the Catacomb of Callixtus, Rome (2007), Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty (25220 AD) tomb chamber, Luoyang (2008), Entrance to Washington family tomb at Mount Vernon, Fairfax County, Virginia (2014), Natural Bridge in Rockbridge County, Virginia (2014), Jiangzhou Natural Bridge, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (2012), Landscape Arch, Arches National Park, Utah (2016), Double O Arch, Arches National Park, Utah (2007), Aloba Arch, Ennedi-Est Region, Chad (2015), Shipton's Arch, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (2011), Darwin's Arch, Galpagos Archipelago, Pacific Ocean (2006), Shah Abbas Arch Dam (Tagh E Shah Abbas), Tabas County, South Khorasan Province, Iran (2011), Hoover Dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, Clark County, Nevada and Mohave County, Arizona (2017), El Atazar Dam on the Lozoya River near Madrid, Spain (2014), This article is about the architectural construct.

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