They go above and beyond, are from all over the country, and contribute every day in every way imaginable. John Robert Kerr (1914-1991), lawyer, judge, and governor-general, was born on 24 September 1914 at Balmain, Sydney, eldest of eight children of New South Wales-born parents Harry Kerr, boilermaker, and his wife Laura May, ne Cardwell. I am committed as Governor-General to support these people in their work. Place of birth. Governors-general have no fixed term, but have usually served for around five years. Section 61 of the Constitution goes on to say that executive power is given to the King and is exercised by the Governor-General. The governor-general has a ceremonial role in swearing in and accepting the resignations of members of Parliament. Write to the Governor-General or Government House at: Government House Dunrossil Drive YARRALUMLA ACT 2600 Tel: (02) 6283 3533 E-mail the Governor-General or Government House Lord Stonehaven (as John Baird) was Minister for Transport in the Cabinets of Bonar Law and Stanley Baldwin; and after his return to Britain he became Chairman of the UK Conservative Party. This right not only to advise the monarch directly, but also to expect that advice to be accepted, was soon taken up by all the other Dominion prime ministers. General David Hurley was a retired Chief of Defence Force and former Governor of New South Wales. Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Governor-General David Hurley will represent Australia at King Charles coronation in May. "[21], The 1988 Constitutional Commission report explained: "the governor-general is in no sense a delegate of the Queen. A number of governors-general have reserved royal assent for particular legislation for the Monarch. The governor-general makes state visits overseas on behalf of Australia, during which an administrator of the government is appointed. Each state has a governor, who is appointed by the King on the advice of the Premier (head of government) of that state. These fall roughly into three categories: constitutional and statutory duties, formal ceremonial duties, and non-ceremonial social duties. In recent years best bet is to be a three or four star general. The governor-general is formally appointed by the monarch of Australia, in terms of letters patent issued by the monarch at some time during their reign and counter-signed by the then prime minister. The Australian Constitution And The Use Of Convention Essay. The Constitution sets out some specific tasks for the Governor-General, including: The Governor-General's ceremonial and constitutional roles are closely related. The first female governor-general, Quentin Bryce, took office in 2008. The PEO acknowledges the traditional owners of country throughout Australia and their continuing In 1947, Labor appointed a second Australian Governor-General, William McKell, who was in office as the Labor premier of New South Wales. Lord Dudley was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (19021905). A list of all former Governors-General. Lord Casey was Governor of Bengal in between his periods of service to the Australian Parliament. Historically the governor-general has also served as Chief Scout of Australia. [65] The opposition Nationalist Party of Australia denounced the appointment as "practically republican", but Scullin had set a precedent. Please note that all correspondence isprocessed by the Office before coming to the attention of the Governor-General. From the creation of the Order of Australia in 1975, the governor-general was, ex officio, Chancellor and Principal Companion of the order, and therefore became entitled to the post-nominal AC. In 1945, John Curtin nominated Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, to the post the first and only royal officeholder. Afterwards, the Governor-General hosted a breakfast for The Honourable Patrick Gorman MP, Assistant Minister to the Prime Minister. The Parliamentary Education Office (PEO) educates Australians about, and inspires their enthusiasm for, Australias parliamentary democracy. A governor-general may be recalled or dismissed by the monarch before their term is complete. "[22] The changes occurred in 1984 when Queen Victoria's letters patent and instructions were revoked and replaced with new letters patent,[23] on Prime Minister Bob Hawke's advice, who stated that this would clarify the governor-general's position under the constitution.[24][25]. In general, the governor-general observes the conventions of the Westminster system and responsible government, maintaining a political neutrality, and acts only on the advice of the prime minister or other ministers or, in certain cases, parliament. [59], The early governors-general frequently sought advice on the exercise of their powers from judges of the High Court of Australia, Sir Samuel Griffith and Sir Edmund Barton. [47] He did however serve as the association's patron during his term of office. Representative of the monarch of Australia, Sir Isaac Isaacs, the first Australian-born governor-general, 19311936, Dame Quentin Bryce, the first female governor-general, 20082014. The independence of the office is highlighted by changes which have been made in recent years to the Royal Instruments relating to it. In our opinion it is an essential consequence of the equality of status existing among the members of the British Commonwealth of Nations that the Governor-General of a Dominion is the representative of the Crown, holding in all essential respects the same position in relation to the administration of public affairs in the Dominion as is held by His Majesty the King in Great Britain, and that he is not the representative or agent of His Majesty's Government in Great Britain or of any Department of that Government. [49] The current salary is $425,000 and there is a generous pension. By convention, this may only be upon advice from the prime minister, who retains responsibility for selecting an immediate replacement or letting the vacancy provisions take effect. The Governor-General is not part of the government or the opposition and must remain neutral. He stated that the governor-general was more than a representative of the sovereign, explaining: "under section 2 of the Constitution the Governor-General is the Queen's representative and exercises certain royal prerogative powers and functions; under section 61 of the Constitution the Governor-General is the holder of a quite separate and independent office created, not by the Crown, but by the Constitution, and empowered to exercise, in his own right as Governor-General all the powers and functions of Australia's head of state."[21]. [33] The Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) Declaration 2020 was declared by Governor-General David Hurley under Section 475 of the Act. The Order belongs to each of us and we each have a part to play. The salutation for a letter should be "Your Excellency" or "Dear Mrs Hurley ". B. M. Hertzog, who had recently insisted on his choice of the Earl of Clarendon as governor-general of that country, and the selection of an Irishman as governor-general of the Irish Free State. Statement by the Prime Minister to the House of Representatives, Parliamentary Debates, Vol. James Scullin (1930) became the first prime minister of Australia to exercise complete discretion in the appointment; his nomination of Sir Isaac Isaacs made Australia the first Dominion to have a native-born governor-general. She was in office when, on 19 March 2014, Elizabeth II, acting on the advice of Prime Minister Tony Abbott, amended the letters patent of the Order of Australia to provide, inter alia, that the governor-general would be, ex officio, Principal Knight or Principal Dame of the order. Significant post-retirement activities of earlier Governors-General have included: Lord Tennyson was appointed Deputy Governor of the Isle of Wight; Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson (by now Lord Novar) became Secretary of State for Scotland; and Lord Gowrie became Chairman of the Marylebone Cricket Club (Lord Forster had also held this post, before his appointment as governor-general). [35] All subsequent governors-general have travelled widely while in office and made multiple state visits. [3][4] The governor-general is appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of government ministers. Under the Australian Constitution, the only action performed by The King is the appointment of the Governor-General (on the advice of the Australian Prime Minister). Congratulations to the outstanding Australians recognised in todays Honours List. "And I know that when I met with King Charles, we had a discussion about a visit, and I of course conveyed that he would always be welcomed here.". Join in the funand the learningwith the Parliamentary Education Offices immersive learning program. 11 November 2020 marks the 45th anniversary of the dismissal of the Whitlam Labor Government in 1975. Scullin was equally insistent that the monarch must act on the relevant prime minister's direct advice (the practice until 1926 was that Dominion prime ministers advised the monarch indirectly, through the British government, which effectively had a veto over any proposal it did not agree with). 87 following. However, Scullin stood firm, saying he would be prepared to fight a general election on the issue of whether an Australian should be prevented from becoming governor-general because he was Australian. Sir John Kerr resigned in 1977, with his official reason being his decision to accept the position of Australian Ambassador to UNESCO in Paris, a post which ultimately he did not take up, but the resignation also being motivated by the 1975 constitutional controversy. According to Section 2 of the Australian Constitution, the Governor-General is appointed by the King to be His Majesty's representative in Australia. [30] In Australia, however, the powers are explicitly given to the governor-general in the constitution; it is their use that is the subject of convention.[31]. Section 5 states that "the Governor-General may appoint such times for holding the sessions of the Parliament [] prorogue the Parliament [and] dissolve the House of Representatives." connection to land, culture and community. The governor-general of Australia is the head of the executive branch of the federal government, serving as the representative of the Australian monarch (currently Charles III). By convention, the prime minister is appointed to this council and advises as to which parliamentarians shall become ministers and parliamentary secretaries. After consulting his cabinet he chose Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster. Governor-General. They are entitled to the courtesy style Her Excellency or His Excellency during the office-holder's term of office. Later, the Governor-General and Mrs Hurley received Mr Gary Meyers, Ambassador, St Vincent's Hospital, on the completion of Mr Meyer's walk from Sydney to Canberra. In 1989, Bill Hayden, a republican, declined appointment to the British Privy Council and any imperial honours. The dismissal of the Whitlam Government by Governor-General Sir John Kerr was perhaps the most dramatic and controversial event in Australia's constitutional and political history. The Governor-General has an important role in the governing of Australia. Follow. The constitution describes the parliament of the commonwealth as consisting of the Monarch, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The governor-general is supported by a staff (of 80 in 2018[7]) headed by the official secretary to the governor-general of Australia. In 1986 the letters patent were amended again, and governors-general appointed from that time were again, ex officio, entitled to the post-nominal AC (although if they already held a knighthood in the order that superior rank was retained). Governor-General of Australia. Scullin was partially influenced by the precedent set by the Government of the Irish Free State, which always insisted upon having an Irishman as the governor-general of the Irish Free State. The Governor-General is officially appointed by the Queen as Head of State. Holding and possiblyexercisingthe Reserve Powers. [32], In addition to the formal constitutional role, the governor-general has a representative and ceremonial role, though the extent and nature of that role has depended on the expectations of the time, the individual in office at the time, the wishes of the incumbent government, and the individual's reputation in the wider community. Permission should be sought from Office of the Governor-General for third-party or commercial uses of this image. Sir Isaac Isaacs and Sir Zelman Cowen were Jewish; Bill Hayden was an avowed atheist[69] during his term and he made an affirmation rather than swear an oath at the beginning of his commission; the remaining Governors-General have been at least nominally Christian. Slim was to see no change of prime minister over his term of nearly seven years. The usual wording of official announcements of this nature read "The King has been pleased to appoint ", but on this occasion the announcement said merely "The King has appointed ", and his private secretary (Lord Stamfordham) asked the Australian solicitor-general, Sir Robert Garran, to make sure that Scullin was aware of the exact wording. - hear from some recipients. "[21], As early as 1901, the authoritative commentary by Quick and Garran had noted that the governor-general of Australia was distinguished from other Empire governors-general by the fact that "[t]he principal and most important of his powers and functions, legislative as well as executive, are expressly conferred on him by the terms of the Constitution itself not by Royal authority, but by statutory authority". The governor-general of Australia is the representative of the monarch, currently King Charles III, in Australia. awarding special honours, in their role as the Chancellor of the Order of Australia. The Governor-General's ceremonial duties include: The Governor-General is in constant contact with the Australian people. He spent much of his retirement in Europe but returned to Australia several times in the 1980s . Australian News Channel Pty Ltd 2017 - 2023. Dunrossil died in office on 3 February 1961. In an address to the Sydney Institute, January 2007, in connection with that event, Sir David Smith, a retired official secretary to the governor-general of Australia who had been Kerr's official secretary in 1975, described the constitution as conferring the powers and functions of Australia's head of state on the governor-general in "his own right". [64] (Lord Stamfordham had complained that Scullin had "put a gun to the King's head".). At one time, governors-general wore the traditional court uniform, consisting of a dark navy wool double-breasted coatee with silver oak leaf and fern embroidery on the collar and cuffs trimmed with silver buttons embossed with the Royal Arms and with bullion edged epaulettes on the shoulders, dark navy trousers with a wide band of silver oak-leaf braid down the outside seam, silver sword belt with ceremonial sword, bicorne cocked hat with plume of ostrich feathers, black patent leather Wellington boots with spurs, etc., that is worn on ceremonial occasions. Appointment The Governor-General is appointed by the Crown, in practice on the advice of Australian Ministers of the Crown. The first female Governor-General was the Honourable Dame Quentin Alice Bryce AD, CVO, who served from 2008 to 2014. Stanley Bruce (1925) and Joseph Lyons (1935) either asked for or were given a list of suitable candidates to choose from. It is played at all official and ceremonial . A similar arrangement is used for the governors of the six states. Defence Minister Malcolm Fraser, who opposed the call out, was responsible for informing Hasluck of the prime minister's lack of consultation. Verified. The governor-general is officially appointed by the monarch of Britain but is recommended by the prime minister of Australia. The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia, The Office of the Official Secretary to the Governor-General, Her Excellency Mrs Linda Hurley's biography, Receiving a congratulatory message from the Governor-General, The Governor-General's Official residences, Presiding over the Federal Executive Council, Facilitating the work of the Commonwealth Parliament and Government, Dissolving Parliament and issuing writs for a Federal election, Commissioning the Prime Minister; appointing Ministers and Assistant Ministers; and swearing-in other statutory positions. These provisions make it clear that the Monarch's role in the parliament is in name only and the actual responsibility belongs to the governor-general. At the same time as the appointment of Isaacs as the first Australian-born governor-general, a separate role of British Representative in Australia (as the representative of the British government) was established, with Ernest Crutchley the first appointee. [35] However, an Australian governor-general did not exercise that right until 1971, when Paul Hasluck visited New Zealand. However, it remained unclear just whose prerogative it now became to decide who new governors-general would be. Form letters or emails generated as part of a broader campaign will not be responded to. At the start of Chapter 2 on executive government, the constitution says "The executive power of the Commonwealth is vested in the Queen and is exercisable by the Governor-General as the Queen's representative". Spouses of governors-general have no official duties but carry out the role of a vice-regal consort. The Governor-General, wearing a suit and medals on the left side of his chest, talks to people in a crowd. This fact sheet introduces the constitutional, ceremonial and civic roles of the Governor-General, and the history of the position. log in. ", To join the conversation, please In practice, they are Australias Head of State and have a range of constitutional and ceremonial duties. 'What does being recognised mean to me?' On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. On 18 March 2020,[32] a human biosecurity emergency was declared in Australia owing to the risks to human health posed by the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, after the National Security Committee met the previous day. "The visit will celebrate Britain's relationship with France and Germany, marking our shared histories, culture and values," Buckingham Palace said. The recipients have had a significant impact at the local, national and international level and are, quite simply, inspiring, the Governor-General said. Scullin cited the precedents of the prime minister of South Africa, J. Dame Quentin Bryce (20082014) was the first woman to be appointed to the office. He further proposed that the Dominions be able to nominate their own candidates and that "the field of selection should not exclude citizens of the Dominion itself". Find out more about our policy and your choices, including how to opt-out. [46] Bill Hayden declined the office on the grounds of his atheism, which was incompatible with the Scout Promise. Please read ourPrivacy Statement. In recent decades the typical term of office has been five years. Commonwealth of Australia | Page last reviewed 15 Sept 2022, Welcome to the Parliamentary Education Office. This was not because of any lack of regard for Isaacs personally, but because the British government considered that the choice of Governors-General was, since the 1926 Imperial Conference, a matter for the monarch's decision alone. Australia will be represented at the coronation of King Charles III by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Governor-General David Hurley, it has been confirmed. These means the Governor-General is a part of both the Parliament and the executive government, and carries out tasks on behalf of the King. Sir, "David Hurley named next governor general of Australia", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_governors-general_of_Australia&oldid=1140852633, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 02:42. [18], Such further powers are currently set out in letters patent of 2008 from Queen Elizabeth II; these contain no substantive powers, but provide for the case of a governor-general's absence or incapacity. The governor-general travels in a Rolls-Royce Phantom VI limousine for ceremonial occasions, such as the State Opening of Parliament. The salutation for a letter addressed to the Governor-General and Mrs Hurleyshould be "Your Excellencies". 1.2 National anthem and flag protocols. Then, the Governor-General, as Chancellor of the Order of Australia and Her Excellency Mrs Linda Hurley, invested Air Marshal Kevin Short AO, Chief of the New Zealand Defence Force. South Australia was also the first state to appoint a woman as governor, when Dame Roma Mitchell took office in 1991. A governor-general is not appointed for a specific term, but is generally expected to serve for five years subject to a possible short extension. Stonehaven left for England on 2 October 1930. She was the first woman to be the Governor-General. received Ms Minoli Perera, Ambassador- designate to Zimbabwe. The Governor-General is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Defence Force. In a very real sense, they represented the British Government. Register, Join the conversation, you are commenting as Logout, Join the conversation, you are commenting as. These powers remain in section 59 of the Constitution of Australia, but today are regarded as dead letters. Both of these appointments had been agreed to despite British government objections. To mollify Hughes, Milner offered him a choice between three candidates. [43] For instance, in 1970 Governor-General Paul Hasluck refused Prime Minister John Gorton's request to authorise a Pacific Islands Regiment peacekeeping mission in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, on the grounds that cabinet had not been consulted. "I think that that will be an enormous occasion.". [6][12][13] These oaths are administered by the chief justice of Australia or another senior judge. Whenever the Governor-General makes a public statement, they avoid personal opinions and do not comment on political and other controversies. Various governors-general had previously served as governors of an Australian state or colony: Lord Hopetoun (Victoria 18891895); Lord Tennyson (South Australia 18991902); Lord Gowrie (South Australia 192834; and New South Wales 19351936); Major General Michael Jeffery (Western Australia 19932000); Dame Quentin Bryce (Queensland 20032008); General David Hurley (New South Wales 20142019). This was confirmed by the prime minister while talking to reporters on . "It was a great honour for me to have an audience with King Charles. Individual items of correspondence of this type will not be brought to the attention of the Governor-General and senders should not expect a reply. Such assent has usually been given during a scheduled visit to Australia by Queen Elizabeth II. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Residence of Governor General Sydney Australia Unused Private Postcard H17 at the best online prices at eBay! [5], The constitution does not set a term of office, so a governor-general may continue to hold office for any agreed length of time. When travelling abroad, the governor-general is seen as the representative of Australia and its monarch. Should you wish to extend an invitation to the Governor-General and Mrs Hurley, please use ouremail formand selectInvitations. These are the people who see us through good times and bad. Message from the Governor-General "Congratulations to the outstanding Australians recognised in today's Honours List. During these months, the person recommended is referred to as the governor-general-designate. They appoint a deputy, to whom members make an oath of allegiance before they take their seats. Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia Badge Flag of the Governor-General Incumbent David Hurley since 1 July 2019 Viceregal Style His Excellencythe Honourable Status Representative of the Head of state Commander in chief Residence Government House(Canberra) Admiralty House(Sydney) Seat Canberra Nominator Prime Minister of Australia These duties are essential to Australia's modern democracy, however perhaps the most important role of the Governor-General is their work in the Australian community. The Governor of Queensland is the representative in the state of Queensland of the monarch of Australia.In an analogous way to the governor-general of Australia at the national level, the governor performs constitutional and ceremonial functions at the state level.In particular the governor has the power to appoint and dismiss the premier of Queensland and all other ministers in the cabinet . Answer (1 of 7): Firstly anyone with that ambition will be unsuitable for the job and will miss out. Former leading politicians and members of the judiciary have figured prominently. Each recipient has something in common someone nominated them. Governors-general generally become patrons of various charitable institutions, present honours and awards, host functions for various groups of people including ambassadors to and from other countries, and travel widely throughout Australia. Only one governor-general, Dame Quentin Bryce (20082014), has been a woman. The first governor-general, Lord Hopetoun, asked to be recalled to Britain in 1903 over a dispute about funding for the post. Write to the Governor-General or Government House at: Government House The Governor-General is the Chancellor of the Order of Australia and each year approves awards to recognise the service and contribution of outstanding Australians through the Australian Honours and AwardsSystem. Early governors-general were British and were appointed by the queen or king on the recommendation of the Colonial Office. On 24 June 2010 the 25th and first female governor-general of Australia, Her Excellency Ms Quentin Bryce AC, swore in the 27th and first female prime minister, Ms Julia Gillard.
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